The Library works cited in OMNIKA use lots of abbreviations in the footnotes. It is therefore necessary to list them in order that they may be referenced quickly and easily. In many cases, abbreviations of works will be an acronym of the work's title. For example, the book Mythology of All Races, Volume II may be abbreviated as MOAR 2. Lots of effort went into ensuring OMNIKA's abbreviations match that of scholars in various fields. Notwithstanding, OMNIKA's Mythology index treats all the world's mythological stories; as a result, some abbreviations depart from conventions used by other scholars, websites, and publications. These data may be compared by the additional list of links provided for other abbreviation catalogues.
Abbreviation lists, by subject
- CDLI:Wiki: Abbreviations for Assyriology (list - about this source)
If we missed a good one, please let us know by contacting us.
Library works abbreviation table, alphabetically sorted
| Abbr. | Citation |
|---|---|
| "ISO 15924" | Unicode Consortium Contributors. "ISO 15924 Registration Authority: Codes for the Representation of Names of Scripts." Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium. Created 2004. Accessed August 24, 2022. https://unicode.org/iso15924. [Website - Source info] |
| "SS" | SIL International Contributors. "ScriptSource: Index of Languages and Writing Systems." Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Created June 11, 2011. Accessed August 6, 2022. https://scriptsource.org. [Website - Source info] |
| 3RC | Dubose, Hampden C. The Dragon, Image, and Demon: Or, The Three Religions of China; Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, Giving an Account of the Mythology, Idolatry, and Demonolatry of the Chinese. London, England: S. W. Partridge & Co., 1886. [Book - Source info] |
| AEPT | Allen, James P., trans. The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts: Translated with an Introduction and Notes by James P. Allen. Edited by Peter Der Manuelian. Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2005. [Book - Source info] |
| AGLG | Allen, Joseph H. Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges: Founded on Comparative Grammar. Edited by James B. Greenough, George L. Kittredge, Albert A. Howard, and Benjamin L. D'Ooge. Boston, MA: Ginn & Company, 1903. [Book - Source info] |
| AIW 6ed. | Carroll, Lewis [Charles L. Dodgson]. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland: With Forty-Two Illustrations by John Tenniel. 6th ed. London, England: Macmillan & Co., 1912. [Book - Source info] |
| Allo | OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "Allo: A Modern Dictionary for Dead Ancient Languages." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created March 15, 2019. Accessed June 20, 2023. https://ancientlanguages.org. [Website - Source info] |
| ALN | Rassam, Hormuzd. Asshur and the Land of Nimrod: Being an Account of the Discoveries Made in the Ancient Ruins of Nineveh, Asshur, Sepharvaim, Calah, Babylon, Borsippa, Cuthah, and Van, Including a Narrative of Different Journeys in Mesopotamia, Assyria, Asia Minor, and Koordistan. New York, NY: Eaton & Mains, 1897. [Book - Source info] |
| AMGG | Brisch, Nicole, et al. AMGG: Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. ORACC and the UK Higher Education Academy, The University of Pennsylvania. http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/index.html. Accessed June 7, 2020. [Website - Source info] |
| APA Dictionary | APA Contributors. "APA Dictionary of Psychology." Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Accessed September 15, 2023. https://dictionary.apa.org. [Website - Source info] |
| ASD | Bosworth, Joseph, and Thomas Northcote Toller, ed. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Based on the Manuscript Collections of the Late Joseph Bosworth. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1898. [Book - Source info] |
| ASJ 18 | Alster, Bendt. "Inanna Repenting: The Conclusion of Inanna’s Descent." Acta Sumerologica 18 (1996): 1-18. [Journal article - Source info] |
| BA 17 | Koch, Roland. Die Erzählung des Sinuhe [The Story of Sinuhe]. Vol. 17, Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca. Brussels, Belgium: Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth, 1990. [Book - Source info] |
| BASOR 79 | Kramer, Samuel N. “Ishtar in the Nether World According to a New Sumerian Text.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 79 (October, 1940): 18–27. [Journal article - Source info] |
| BDAG | Montanari, Franco, ed. The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2015. [Book - Source info] |
| BDNAC | Briggs, Ward W. Biographical Dictionary of North American Classicists. London, United Kingdom: Greenwood Press, 1994. [Book - Source info] |
| BE 31 | Langdon, Stephen H. The Babylonian Expedition of The University of Pennsylvania: Series A: Cuneiform Texts. Vol. XXXI, Historical and Religious Texts from the Temple Library of Nippur. Leipzig: August Pries, 1914. [Book - Source info] |
| BHK 2 | Kittel, Rudolf. Biblia Hebraica: Pars II. Leipzig, Germany: Johann Conrad Hinrichs, 1906. [Book - Source info] |
| BHS | Kittel, Rudolf. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: Standard Edition. 4th ed. Edited by Karl Elliger, Wilhelm Rudolph, and Otto Eißfeldt. Stuttgart, Germany: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1969. [Book - Source info] |
| Bible / ASV | Schaff, Philip, et al. The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments: Translated out of the original tongues, being the version set forth A.D. 1611. Compared with the most ancient authorities and revised A.D. 1881-1885. Newly edited by the American Revision Committee A.D. 1901 / [American Standard Version / ASV]. New York, NY: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1901. [Book - Source info] |
| Bible / DRB | Martin, Gregory, trans. The Holy Bible: Faithfully Translated Into English Out of the Authentic Latin. Diligently Conferred with the Hebrew, Greek, and Other Editions in Diuers Languages. Edited by Richard Bristow, William Allen, and Thomas Worthington. Douay, France: Laurence Kellam, 1609. [Book - Source info] |
| BSD and Gilgamesh | Budge, Ernest A. T. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge and the Epic of Gilgamesh, With an Account of the Royal Libraries of Ninevah. London, England: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1920. [Book - Source info] |
| BSE | Brill Scholarly Editions: An Interactive Reading Environment for Text Editions. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. Created 2021. Accessed August 20, 2022. https://scholarlyeditions.brill.com. [Website - Source info] |
| BSVC | Tvveedale, Michaela, et al., eds. Biblia Sacra Juxta Vulgatam Clementinam: Editio Electronica, Plurimis Consultis Editionibus Diligenter Præparata a Michaele Tvveedale. London, United Kingdom: Baronius Press, 2006. [Manuscript - Source info] |
| CAD | Roth, Martha T., ed., et al. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 21 vols. Chicago, IL: The Oriental Institute, 1956–2010. [Multi-volume work - Source info] |
| CAD 11 / N1 | Erica Reiner, and Robert D. Biggs, eds. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago: Volume 11, N, Part I. Chicago, IL: The Oriental Institute, 1980. [Book - Source info] |
| CAD 11 / N2 | Erica Reiner, and Robert D. Biggs, eds. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago: Volume 11, N, Part II. Chicago, IL: The Oriental Institute, 1980. [Book - Source info] |
| CAD 6 / Ḫ | Oppenheim, Adolf L., Erica Reiner, Ignace J. Gelb, and Michael B. Rowton, eds. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago: Volume 6, Ḫ. Chicago, IL: The Oriental Institute, 1956. [Book - Source info] |
| CAD 9 / L | Oppenheim, Adolf L., Erica Reiner, and Robert D. Biggs, eds. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago: Volume 9, L. Chicago, IL: The Oriental Institute, 1973. [Book - Source info] |
| CAD I / A1 | Oppenheim, Adolf L., Erica Reiner, Albert K. Grayson, Hans Hirsch, and Erle V. Leighty, eds. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago: Volume I, A, Part 1. Chicago, IL: The Oriental Institute, 1956. [Book - Source info] |
| CAOG | Smith, George. The Chaldean Account of Genesis: Containing the Description of the Creation, the Fall of Man, the Deluge, the Tower of Babel, the Times of the Patriarchs, and Nimrod: Babylonian Fables, and Legends of the Gods; from the Cuneiform Inscriptions. London, England: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1876. [Book - Source info] |
| CASD | Hall, John R. C. A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: For the Use of Students. 2nd rev. ed. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company, 1916. [Book - Source info] |
| CASD | Cohen, Mark E. An Annotated Sumerian Dictionary. University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns, 2023. [Book - Source info] |
| CDA 2ed. | Black, Jeremy, Andrew George, and Nicholas Postgate, eds. A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian. 2ed. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2000. [Book - Source info] |
| CDLI | Renn, Jürgen, Jacob L. Dahl, et al. "CDLI: Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative." Los Angeles, CA: The University of California, Los Angeles. Accessed June 13, 2019. https://cdli.ucla.edu. [Website - Source info] |
| CDLI: Wiki | Renn, Jürgen, Jacob L. Dahl, et al. "CDLI:Wiki." Los Angeles, CA: The University of California, Los Angeles. Accessed June 13, 2019. http://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki. [Website - Source info] |
| CDME | Faulkner, Raymond O. A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian: Modernized by Boris Jegorović. Edited by Boris Jegorović. Oxford, United Kingdom: Griffith Institute, 2017. [Book - Source info] |
| CED | Treffry, Diana, ed. Collins English Dictionary: Millennium Edition. 4ed. Glasgow, Great Britain: HarperCollins Publishers, 1998. [Book - Source info] |
| CEWAL | Woodard, Roger D., ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient Languages. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. [Book - Source info] |
| CGED 4ed. | Terrell, Peter, ed. Collins German-English, English-German Dictionary. 4ed. Glasgow, Great Britain: HarperCollins Publishers, 1999. [Book - Source info] |
| CGHS | Richardson, Mervyn E.J. A Comprehensive Grammar to Hammurabi's Stele. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2014. [Book - Source info] |
| CME | Leeming, David A. Creation Myths of the World: An Encyclopedia. 2nd edition. Vol. 1 [Parts I-II]. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. [Book - Source info] |
| Codex Alexandrinus I / Facsimile | Kenyon, Frederic G., ed. The Codex Alexandrinus (Royal MS. 1 D V-VIII) in Reduced Photographic Facsimile: Old Testament, Part I, Genesis–Ruth. London, England: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1915. [Book - Source info] |
| COH | Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon, about 2250 B.C.: Autographed Text, Transliteration, Translation, Glossary, Index of Subjects, Lists of Proper Names, Signs, Numerals, Corrections and Erasures, with Map, Frontispiece and Photograph of Text. Translated by Robert F. Harper. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, Callaghan, 1904. [Book - Source info] |
| COTG | Gimbutas, Marija A. The Civilization of the Goddess: The World of Old Europe. San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco, 1991. [Book - Source info] |
| CSD | Smith, Robert P. A Compendious Syriac Dictionary: Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1903. [Book - Source info] |
| CT 46 | Lambert, Wilfred G., and Alan R. Millard. Cuneiform Texts From Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. Part XLVI: Babylonian Literary Texts. Vol. 46. London, England: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1965. [Book - Source info] |
| CT 58 | Alster, Bendt, and Markham J. Geller. Cuneiform Texts From Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. Part XLVIII: Sumerian Literary Texts. Vol. 58. London, England: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1990. [Book - Source info] |
| DBCS | Briggs, Ward W., Terry C. Brennan, et al. DBCS: Rutgers Database of Classical Scholars. Rutgers University. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences. https://dbcs.rutgers.edu. Accessed April 1, 2020. [Website - Source info] |
| DLP | Crystal, David. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 6ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2011. [Book - Source info] |
| DoL | Dalby, Andrew. Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages. London, United Kingdom: A & C Black, 2004. [Book - Source info] |
| DSS Digital Library | Shor, Pnina, Orit K. Rosengarten, Viviana Moscovich, et al. Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library: A Virtual Library of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem, Israel. Created 2015. Accessed August 20, 2022. https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il. [Website - Source info] |
| E-Beowulf | Kiernan, Kevin, ed., and Ionut E. Iacob, developer. "Electronic Beowulf - Fourth Edition" [Website application]. British Library and the University of Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, 2015. Accessed July 1, 2020. https://ebeowulf.uky.edu. [Website - Source info] |
| EDG | Beekes, Robert S. P., and Lucien van Beek. Etymological Dictionary of Greek. 2 vols. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2010. [Book - Source info] |
| EDHIL | Kloekhorst, Alwin. Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon.Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2008. [Book - Source info] |
| EDLIL | de Vaan, Michiel A. Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2008. [Book - Source info] |
| EDPG | Kroonen, Guus. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic.Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2013. [Book - Source info] |
| EG 3ed. | Gardiner, Sir Alan H. Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs. 3rd ed. rev. Oxford, United Kingdom: Griffith Institute, 1957. [Book - Source info] |
| EHW | Efraimoglou, Lazaros D., et al. Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World (EHW). Athens, Greece: Foundation of the Hellenic World. http://www.ehw.gr. Accessed January 8, 2021. [Website - Source info] |
| EKCF | Gwang-seop, Shin, director, et al. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture (EKFC). The National Folk Museum of Korea, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Seoul. South, Korea: The National Folk Museum of Korea, 2014. https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/overview. Accessed July 4, 2020. [Website - Source info] |
| EKFB | Myung-sub, Chung, ed. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Beliefs. Vol. 2, Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture, Vol. II. Translated by Jung Ha-yun. Seoul, Korea: The National Folk Museum of Korea, 2013. [Book - Source info] |
| EKFL | Myung-sub, Chung, ed. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Literature. Vol. 3, Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture, Vol. III. Translated by Jung Ha-yun. Seoul, Korea: The National Folk Museum of Korea, 2014. [Book - Source info] |
| EL21C | Kosem, Iztok, and Karmen Kosem, eds. Electronic Lexicography in the 21st Century: New Applications for New Users. Proceedings of eLex 2011, Bled, Slovenia, November 10–12, 2011. Ljubljana, Slovenia: Trojina. [Book - Source info] |
| ePSD | Tinney, Stephen J. "ePSD: Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary." Philadelphia, PA: Penn Museum, 2004. Created May 2004. Accessed September 3, 2022. http://psd.museum.upenn.edu/nepsd-frame.html. [Website - Source info] |
| ESPLT | Krebs, Robert E. Encyclopedia of Scientific Principles, Laws, and Theories. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. [Book - Source info] |
| ETCSL | Black, Jeremy, Graham Cunningham, Jarle Ebeling, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, et al., eds. ETCSL: The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature. Oxford, UK: The University of Oxford. http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Accessed June 11, 2020. [Website - Source info] |
| Ethnologue | Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig, eds. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 25th ed. Dallas, Texas: SIL International, 2022. Accessed August 20, 2022. https://www.ethnologue.com. [Website - Source info] |
| EWR | Ellwood, Robert S., and Gregory D. Alles, eds. The Encyclopedia of World Religions. Revised edition. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing, 2007. [Book - Source info] |
| FLWE | Diederich, Paul B. The Frequency of Latin Words and Their Endings: Submitted in partial fulfillment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University. PhD diss., Columbia University, 1939. [Ph.D. dissertation - Source info] |
| GDS | Black, Jeremy, and Anthony Green. Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary. Illustrations by Tessa Rickards. London, United Kingdom: The British Museum Press, 1992. [Book - Source info] |
| Geo-data | McCoy, John F., Mary Rose Bonk, Pamela A. Dear, Rachel J. Kain, et al. Geo-data: The World Geographical Encyclopedia. 3rd ed. Detroit, MI: Thomson-Gale, 2003. [Book - Source info] |
| GGOE | Gimbutas, Marija A. The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe: 6500 - 3500 BC, Myths and Cult Images. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1982. [Book - Source info] |
| GLG 3ed. | Gildersleeve, Basil L., and Gonzales Lodge. Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar: Third Edition, Revised, and Enlarged. 3rd ed. London, England: Macmillan and Co., 1903. [Book - Source info] |
| Glottolog | Hammarström, Harald, Robert Forkel, Martin Haspelmath, and Sebastian Bank. "Glottolog: A Database of Languages." Leipzig, Germany: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Created 2011 [?]. Accessed August 23, 2022. https://glottolog.org. [Website - Source info] |
| GORD | Szabó, Csaba, and Imola Boda. The Gods of Roman Dacia: Illustrated Dictionary of Roman Divinities and Personifications. Riga, Latvia: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2019. [Book - Source info] |
| GSL | Gardiner, Sir Alan H. "List of Hieroglyphic Signs," 438–548. In Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs. 3rd ed. rev. Oxford, United Kingdom: Griffith Institute, 1957. [Book appendix - Source info] |
| HAG 3 | Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian. 3ed. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011. [Book - Source info] |
| Harps | Jacobsen, Thorkild P.R. The Harps that Once . . . : Sumerian Poetry in Translation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987. [Book - Source info] |
| HdO 1.71 | Edzard, Dietz O. Sumerian Grammar / HdO 1.71. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2003. [Book - Source info] |
| HDSC | Autenrieth, Georg. A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges: Based Upon the German of Dr. Georg Autenrieth. Edited by Isaac G. Flagg. Translated by Robert P. Keep. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers, 1891. [Book - Source info] |
| HKEY 3 | Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). 3ed. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013. [Book - Source info] |
| HO 1 / 2ed. | Homer and Monro, David B. Homeri Opera, Tomvs I / Iliadis Libros I-XII Continen: Recognovervnt breviqve adnotatione critica instrvxervnt David B. Monro, collegii orielensis apvd oxonienses praepositvs, et Thomas W. Allen, collegii reginae apvd oxinienses socivs. Vol. 1, Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis. 2nd edition [Editio altera]. Edited by Thomas W. Allen. Oxford, England: Oxonii, e Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1912. [Book - Source info] |
| HO 2 / 3ed. | Homer and Monro, David B. Homeri Opera, Tomvs II / Iliadis Libros XIII-XXIV Continen: Recognovervnt breviqve adnotatione critica instrvxervnt David B. Monro, collegii orielensis apvd oxonienses praepositvs, et Thomas W. Allen, collegii reginae apvd oxinienses socivs. Vol. 2, Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis. 3rd edition [Editio tertia]. Edited by Thomas W. Allen. Oxford, England: Oxonii, e Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1920. [Book - Source info] |
| HOCM | Yang, Lihui, and Deming An. Handbook of Chinese Mythology / Lihui Yang and Deming An, With Jessica Anderson Turner. Edited by Jessica A. Turner. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. [Book - Source info] |
| HOER | Homer. Homeri Opera et Reliquiae. Translated by David B. Monro. London, England: Oxonii, e Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1896. [Book - Source info] |
| ID / Sladek | Sladek, William R. "Inanna's Descent to the Netherworld: A dissertation submitted to the Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." PhD diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1974. [Ph.D. dissertation - Source info] |
| IGEL | Liddell, Henry G., and Robert Scott. An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon: Founded Upon the Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers, 1889. [Book - Source info] |
| IJOC 10 | Revesz, Peter Z. "A Computer-Aided Translation of the Phaistos Disk." International Journal of Computers 10, no. 1 (2016): 94-100. [Journal article - Source info] |
| Iliad / Butler | Homer. The Iliad of Homer: Rendered Into English Prose for the Use of Those Who Cannot Read the Original. Translated by Samuel Butler. London, England: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1898. [Book - Source info] |
| Iliad / Fagles | Homer. The Iliad: Translated by Robert Fagles. Introduction and Notes by Bernard Knox. Translated by Robert Fagles. Edited by Bernard M.W. Knox. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 1990. [Book - Source info] |
| Iliad / Pope | Homer. The Iliad of Homer, Translated by Alexander Pope. Translated by Alexander Pope. London, England: G. Routledge, 1848. [Book - Source info] |
| Iliad I-XII / Murray | Homer. The Iliad / Vol. I. With an English translation by A.T. Murray.. Translated by Augustus T. Murray. 2 vols. (vol. 1). London, England: William Heinemann Ltd., 1928. [Books I-XII] [Book - Source info] |
| Iliad XIII-XXIV / Murray | Homer. The Iliad / Vol. I. With an English translation by A.T. Murray.. Translated by Augustus T. Murray. 2 vols. (vol. 2). London, England: William Heinemann Ltd., 1954. [Books XIII-XXIV] [Book - Source info] |
| Imagining Creation / IJS 5 | Geller, Markham J., and Mineke Schipper, eds. Imagining Creation. Vol. 5, IJS Studies in Judaica. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2007. [Book - Source info] |
| Internet Archive | Kahle, Brewster, and Internet Archive Contributors. "Internet Archive." San Francisco, CA: Internet Archive. Created May 10, 1996. Accessed September 15, 2023. https://archive.org. [Website - Source info] |
| IQHE | Wolkstein, Diane, and Samuel N. Kramer. Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns from Sumer. New York: Harper & Row, 1983. [Book - Source info] |
| ISO 639-3 | SIL International Contributors. "ISO 639-3 Registration Authority: International Standard for Language Codes." Dallas, TX: SIL International. Accessed August 23, 2022. https://iso639-3.sil.org. [Website - Source info] |
| JCS 29 | Sjöberg, Åke W. "Miscellaneous Sumerian Texts, II." Journal of Cuneiform Studies 29, no. 1 (January 1977): 3–45. [Journal article - Source info] |
| JCS 4 | Kramer, Samuel N. "'Inanna's Descent to the Nether World' Continued and Revised." Journal of Cuneiform Studies 4, no. 4 (1950): 199–214. [Journal article - Source info] |
| JCS 5 | Kramer, Samuel N. "'Inanna's Descent to the Nether World' Continued and Revised. Second Part" Journal of Cuneiform Studies 5, no. 1 (1951): 1–17. [Journal article - Source info] |
| JJS | Kuijsten, Marcel. "Julian Jaynes Society." Henderson, NV: Julian Jaynes Society, 1997. Created 1997. Accessed September 1, 2022. https://julianjaynes.org. [Website - Source info] |
| KCQL | Queen Liliuokalani. The Kumulipo: An Account of the Creation of the World According to Hawaiian Tradition. Translated by Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii. Boston, MA: Lee and Shepard, 1897. [Book - Source info] |
| KWCC | Beckwith, Martha W. The Kumulipo: A Hawaiian Creation Chant. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1951. [Book - Source info] |
| LASLA | Delatte, Louis, Suzanne Govaerts, Joseph Denooz, and Etienne Evrard. Dictionnaire fréquentiel et index inverse de la langue latine [Frequency Dictionary and Inverse Index of the Latin Language]. Liège, Belgium: Laboratoire d'analyse statistique des langues anciennes de l'Université de Liège (L.A.S.L.A.), 1981. [Book - Source info] |
| LCFE | Jam'a, Samuel B. J. Codex Leningradensis. Manuscript. ca. 1008 CE. 1st Firkovich Collection, Firkovich B 19 A. National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia. In The Leningrad Codex: A Facsimile Edition. Edited by Astrid B. Beck and David N. Freedman. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1998. [Manuscript - Source info] |
| LCL 147 | Hippocrates. Hippocrates / Volume I: Ancient Medicine. Airs, Waters, Places. Epidemics 1 and 3. The Oath. Precepts. Nutriment. Translated by William H. S. Jones. Loeb Classical Library 147. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1923. [Book - Source info] |
| LCM | Roth, Martha T., and Harry A. Hoffner. Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. Edited by Piotr Michalowski. Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, 1995. [Book - Source info] |
| LOTG | Gimbutas, Marija. The Language of the Goddess: Unearthing the Hidden Symbols of Western Civilization, Foreword by Joseph Campbell. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1989. [Book - Source info] |
| MEG | Hoch, James E. Middle Egyptian Grammar. Vol. 15, SSEA Publication. Mississauga, Canada: Benben, 1997. [Book - Source info] |
| MEL | Allen, James P. Middle Egyptian Literature: Eight Literary Works of the Middle Kingdom. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2015. [Book - Source info] |
| MFM | Dalley, Stephanie M. Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1989. [Book - Source info] |
| MH DAI | Spears, Richard A., ed. McGraw-Hill's Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2005. [Book - Source info] |
| MMR 1 | Nilsson, Martin P. The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and its Survival in Greek Religion. 1st ed. Lund, Sweden: C.W.K. Gleerup, 1927. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 1 | Fox, William S. The Mythology of All Races / Volume I, Greek and Roman. Vol. 1, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by Louis H. Gray and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1916. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 10 | Alexander, Hartley B. The Mythology of All Races / Volume X, North American. Vol. 10, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by Louis H. Gray and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1916. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 11 | Alexander, Hartley B. The Mythology of All Races / Volume XI, Latin-American. Vol. 11, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by Louis H. Gray and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1920. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 12 | Müller, Wilhelm M., and James G. Scott. The Mythology of All Races / Volume XII, Egyptian and Indo-Chinese. Vol. 12, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by Louis H. Gray and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1918. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 2 | MacCulloch, John A. The Mythology of All Races / Volume II, Eddic. Vol. 2, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by John A. MacCulloch and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1930. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 3 | MacCulloch, John A., and Jan H. Máchal. The Mythology of All Races / Volume III, Celtic and Slavic. Vol. 3, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by Louis H. Gray and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1918. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 4 | Holmberg, Uno. The Mythology of All Races / Volume IV, Finno-Ugric, Siberian. Vol. 4, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by John A. MacCulloch and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1927. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 5 | Langdon, Stephen H. The Mythology of All Races / Volume V, Semitic. Vol. 5, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by John A. MacCulloch and George F. Moore. New York, NY: Copper Square Publishers, 1964 [reprint of 1931 ed.]. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 6 | Keith, Arthur B., and Albert J. Carnoy. The Mythology of All Races / Volume VI, Indian and Iranian. Vol. 6, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by Louis H. Gray and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1917. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 7 | Ananikian, Mardiros H., and Alice Werner. The Mythology of All Races / Volume VII, Armenian and African. Vol. 7, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by John A. MacCulloch and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1916. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 8 | Ferguson, John C., and Masaharu Anesaki. The Mythology of All Races / Volume VIII, Chinese and Japanese. Vol. 8, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by John A. MacCulloch and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1928. [Book - Source info] |
| MOAR 9 | Dixon, Roland B. The Mythology of All Races / Volume IX, Oceanic. Vol. 9, The Mythology of All Races: In Thirteen Volumes. Edited by Louis H. Gray and George F. Moore. Boston, MA: Marshall Jones Company, 1916. [Book - Source info] |
| MOTC | Mooney, James. Myths of the Cherokee: Extract from the Nineteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1902. [Book - Source info] |
| MZL | Borger, Rykle. Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon. Münster, Germany: Ugarit–Verlag, 2004. [Book - Source info] |
| NCPT I–VI | Allen, James P. A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts. 6 vols. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University [Book - Source info] |
| Nineveh I | Layard, Austen H. The Monuments of Nineveh: From Drawings Made on the Spot. Vol I., First Series of the Monuments of Nineveh. London, England: John Murray, 1853. [First published in 1849] [Book - Source info] |
| Nineveh II | Layard, Austen H. A Second Series of the Monuments of Nineveh; Including Bas-Reliefs From the Palace of Sennacherib and Bronzes From the Ruins of Nimroud. Vol II., The Monuments of Nineveh. London, England: John Murray, 1853. [Book - Source info] |
| Notes | Gardiner, Alan H. Notes on the Story of Sinuhe. Paris, France: Librairie Honoré Champion, 1916. [Book - Source info] |
| Odyssey / Butler | Homer. The Odyssey: Rendered Into English Prose for the Use of Those Who Cannot Read the Original. Translated by Samuel Butler. London, England: A.C. Fifield, 1900. [Book - Source info] |
| Odyssey / Lawrence | Homer. The Odyssey: Translated from the Greek By T.E. Lawrence. Translated by T.E. Shaw [Thomas Edward Lawrence]. London, United Kingdom: HarperCollins, 2012. [Reprint of 1932 edition] [Book - Source info] |
| OIP 49 | de Buck, Adriaan, and Alan H. Gardiner. The Egyptian Coffin Texts, Vol. 2 / OIP 49: Texts of Spells 76-163. Oriental Institute Publications, no. 49. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 1938. [Book - Source info] |
| OLD | Glare, Peter G.W. Oxford Latin Dictionary. Vols. 1-8. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1982. [Book - Source info] |
| OMNIKA | OMNIKA Foundation contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created January 21, 2019. Accessed July 20, 2022. https://omnika.org. [Website - Source info] |
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| Oxford Handbook Egyptology | Bloxam, Elizabeth, and Elizabeth Shaw. The Oxford Handbook of Egyptology. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2020. [Book - Source info] |
| Oxford Introduction / PIE | Mallory, James P., and Douglas Q. Adams. The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2006. [Book - Source info] |
| PAPS 107 | Kramer, Samuel N. "Cuneiform Studies and the History of Literature: The Sumerian Sacred Marriage Texts." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 107, no. 6 (December 1963): 485–527. [Journal article - Source info] |
| PAPS 85 | Kramer, Samuel N. “Sumerian Literature; A Preliminary Survey of the Oldest Literature in the World.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 85, no. 3 (February 1942): 293–323. [Journal article - Source info] |
| PBS 4 | Poebel, Arno. The University of Pennsylvania: The University Museum Publications of the Babylonian Section: Vol. IV. Historical Texts. Philadelphia, PA: The University Museum, 1914. [Book - Source info] |
| PBS 5 | Poebel, Arno. The University of Pennsylvania: The University Museum Publications of the Babylonian Section: Vol. V. Historical and Grammatical Texts. Philadelphia, PA: The University Museum, 1914. [Book - Source info] |
| PH-4 | Crane, Gregory R., "Perseus Hopper: Open Greek and Latin Project by Perseus Digital Library." Department of Classical Studies, Tufts University, Medford, MA. Created 1985. Accessed July 19, 2023. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper. [Website - Source info] |
| POM 1 | Evans, Arthur J. The Palace of Minos / Vol. I: A Comparative Account of the Successive Stages of the early Cretan Civilization as Illustrated by the Discoveries at Knossos. Vol. 1, The Neolithic and Early and Middle Minoan Ages. London, England: Macmillan and Co., 1921. [Book - Source info] |
| POM 3 | Evans, Arthur J. The Palace of Minos / Vol. III: A Comparative Account of the Successive Stages of the early Cretan Civilization as Illustrated by the Discoveries at Knossos. Vol. 3, The Great Transitional Age in the Northern and Eastern Sections of the Palace... [etc.]. London, England: Macmillan and Co., 1930. [Book - Source info] |
| PSV | Crane, Gregory R., "Perseus Scaife Viewer: Open Greek and Latin Project by Perseus Digital Library." Department of Classical Studies, Tufts University, Medford, MA. Created March 15, 2018. Accessed July 19, 2023. https://scaife.perseus.org. [Website - Source info] |
| PVDF | Ximénez, Francisco. "Popol Vuh [Digital facsimile]: Transcription in Quiché Mayan and Translation into Spanish." Original manuscript in Vault Ayer MS 1515 / Popol Vuh, ca. 1700-1703. Manuscript. Edward E. Ayer Collection, fourth floor, The Newberry Library, Chicago, IL. Digital facsimile from World Digital Library [website]. Updated July 31, 2017. https://www.wdl.org/en/item/19995. Accessed June 19, 2020. [Manuscript - Source info] |
| RA 36 | Kramer, Samuel N. "ADDITIONAL MATERIAL TO « INANNA'S DESCENT TO THE NETHER WORLD »." Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale 36, no. 2 (1939): 68–80. [Journal article - Source info] |
| RAAO 34 | Kramer, Samuel N. "Inanna's Descent to the Nether World. The Sumerian Version of Ištar's Descent." Kramer, Samuel N., trans. "Inanna's Descent." Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale 34, no. 3 (1937): 93–134. [Journal article - Source info] |
| RDEGG | Hart, George. The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. 2nd edition. New York, NY: Routledge, 2005. [Book - Source info] |
| RHL | Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004. [Book - Source info] |
| RIAE | Lesko, Howard H., David P. Silverman, and John R. Baines. Religion in Ancient Egypt: Gods, Myths, and Personal Practice. Edited by Byron E. Shafer. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991. [Book - Source info] |
| RIMA 1 | Grayson, Albert K., Grant Frame, Maynard P. Maidman, and Douglas R. Frayne. Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennia BC (to 1115 BC). Vol. 1, The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Periods. Edited by Ronald F. G. Sweet. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1987. [Book - Source info] |
| RIME 4 | Frayne, Douglas R. Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC). Vol. 4, The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Early Periods. Edited by Ronald F. G. Sweet. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1990. [Book - Source info] |
| RO 68(1) | Takács, Gábor. "Layers of the Oldest Egyptian Lexicon I." Rocznik Orientalistyczny 68, no. 1 (2015): 85–39. [Journal article - Source info] |
| ROTW / 1ed. | Melton, John G., Martin Baumann, Todd M. Johnson, et al., eds. Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices. 1ed. 4 vols. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2002. [Book - Source info] |
| ROTW / 2ed. | Melton, John G., Martin Baumann, Todd M. Johnson, et al., eds. Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices. 2ed. 6 vols. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. [Book - Source info] |
| RT I | Petrie, William M.F. The Royal Tombs of the First Dynasty, 1900. Part I. London, England: Egypt Exploration Society, 1900. [Book - Source info] |
| RT II | Petrie, William M.F. The Royal Tombs of the Earliest Dynasties, 1901. Part II. London, England: Egypt Exploration Society, 1901. [Book - Source info] |
| SAEM | Sherman, Josepha, ed. Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore, Vols. 1-3. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2008. [Book - Source info] |
| SBOTH 17 | Basu, Baman D., ed., et al. The Matsya Puranam: Chapters 1-128. Vol. 17 [Part 1], The Sacred Books of the Hindus: Translated by Various Sanskrit Scholars, Volume XVII—Part 1. Translated by 'A Taluqdar of Oudh' [sic]. New York, NY: AMS Press, 1974. [Reprinted from Bahadurganj, India: India Press, 1916] [Book - Source info] |
| SCWA | Ward, William H. The Seal Cylinders of Western Asia. Washington, D.C.:Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1910. [Book - Source info] |
| SEM 3 | Chiera, Edward. Sumerian Epics and Myths: Cuneiform Series—Volume III. The Oriental Institute, Vol. XV. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1934. [Book - Source info] |
| Sinuhe | Parkinson, Richard B. The Tale of Sinuhe and Other Ancient Egyptian Poems, 1940–1640 BC. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998. [Book - Source info] |
| SMWD 1 | Evans, Arthur J. Scripta Minoa: The Written Documents of Minoan Crete with Special Reference to the Archives of Knossos. Vol. 1, The Hieroglyphic and Primitive Linear Classes. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1909. [Book - Source info] |
| SRT | Chiera, Edward. Sumerian Religious Texts. In Crozier Theological Seminary Babylonian Publications, vol. 1. Upland, PA: Crozier Theological Seminary, 1924. [Book - Source info] |
| STOC 1 | King, Leonard W. The Seven Tablets of Creation, or the Babylonian and Assyrian legends concerning the creation of the world and of mankind. Vol. I, English Translations. Vol. 12, Luzac's Semitic Text & Translation Series. London, England: Luzac & Co., 1902. [Book - Source info] |
| STOC 2 | King, Leonard W. The Seven Tablets of Creation, or the Babylonian and Assyrian legends concerning the creation of the world and of mankind. Vol. II, Supplementary Texts. Vol. 13, Luzac's Semitic Text & Translation Series. London, England: Luzac & Co., 1902. [Book - Source info] |
| TJE 11 | Singer, Isidore, ed., et al. The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Vol. 11 (12 vols.). London, England: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1901. [Book - Source info] |
| TOOH | Wells, Herbert G. The Outline of History: Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind. 3rd ed. Edited by James F. Horrabin. Illustrations by James F. Horrabin. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1921. [Book - Source info] |
| TSL 2ed. | Huehnergard, John, and Na'ama Pat El, eds. The Semitic Languages. Routledge Language Family Series. 2nd Edition. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019. [Book - Source info] |
| TWWS | Daniels, Peter T., and William Oliver Bright, eds. The World's Writing Systems. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 1996. [Book - Source info] |
| UET 6/1 | Gadd, Cyril J., and Samuel N. Kramer. Ur Excavations Texts VI.1: Literary and Religious Texts. First Part. London, England: British Museum Publications, 1963. [Book - Source info] |
| UET 6/2 | Gadd, Cyril J., and Samuel N. Kramer. Ur Excavations Texts VI.1: Literary and Religious Texts. Second Part. London, England: British Museum Publications, 1966. [Book - Source info] |
| UET 6/3 | Shaffer, Aaron, and Marie-Christine Ludwig. Ur Excavations Texts VI.3: Literary and Religious Texts. Third Part. London, England: British Museum Publications, 2006. [Book - Source info] |
| UN M49 | United Nations Contributors. "UN M49: Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use." New York, NY: United Nations Statistics Division. Updated December, 2021. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview. [Website - Source info] |
| UNESCO Atlas / 3ed. | Moseley, Christopher, et al., eds. UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. 3rd ed. Paris, France: UNESCO Publishing, 2010. [Book - Source info] |
| UNESCO.org | UNESCO Contributors. "UNESCO.org: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization." Paris, France: UNESCO, 1945. Created June, 1997. Accessed September 3, 2022. https://www.unesco.org. [Website - Source info] |
| UNSD | United Nations Contributors. "United Nations Statistics Division: Website Sponsored by the United Nations." Created [first indexed by Internet Archive] February 17, 2001. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://unstats.un.org. [Website - Source info] |
| VFAE | Parkinson, Richard B. Voices from Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Middle Kingdom Writings. Vol. 9, Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture. Edited by A. J. Heisserer. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. [Book - Source info] |
| Wiki | Wales, Jimmy D., and Larry Sanger, et al. Wikipedia / Wikimedia Foundation: A Multilingual Free Online Encyclopedia. San Francisco, CA: Wikimedia Foundation. Created January 15, 2001. Accessed August 20, 2022. https://www.wikipedia.org. [Website - Source info] |
| WL 6ed. | Wheelock, Frederick M. Wheelock's Latin. 6th ed. Revised by Richard A. LaFleur. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2005. [Book - Source info] |
| WTED | Engelberg, Stefan, Heidrun Kämper, and Petra Storjohann, eds. Wortschatz: Theorie, Empirie, Dokumentation. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter, 2018. [https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110538588] [Book - Source info] |
| Z-NIV | Barker, Kenneth L., et al., eds. Zondervan NIV Study Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. [Book - Source info] |
