About this myth
Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld is a Afterlife myth originating from the Sumerian belief system. The main deity depicted in this myth is likely Gilgameš. Others include An, Anzû, Enki, Enkidu, Enlil, Ereškigal, Inanna, and Utu.
Source record No.m. 628MediumDigital iconImage date2020CreatorOMNIKA FoundationSource notesThe hammer represents the mallet created by Gilgameš when he cut the big tree down for Inanna. The ball represents the game that the king played. Both of these items fell into the netherworld. © OMNIKA Foundation
In a nutshell
Myth summary
While Enki was saling, the south wind uprooted a single ḫalub tree on the bank of the Euphrates river. A woman found it, planted it in Inanna's garden, and watered it by only using her feet; it grew massive after ten years. Inanna wanted to use it for a chair, but its bark would not break. Inanna cried and asked her brother, Gilgameš, to do it. Gilgameš cut the tree with his strength and also made a powerful mallet from its branches. During a game, both the ball and the mallet fell down into the netherworld. When Gilgameš could not recover items, his servant Enkidu offered to retrieve it. Enkidu became trapped there. Gilgameš asked Enki and Enlil to rescue Enkidu, but without success. Utu, however, obliged and made a hole for Enkidu to return. Gilgameš rejoiced and asked Enkidu how different kinds of people fare in the netherworld, ending the poem.
Attested: Unknown
Created: Unknown
Main deity: Gilgameš
Belief system: Sumerian
Origin: Asia › Middle East › Iraq
Belief system
Sumerian Religion
Polytheistic
Sumerian religion refers to spiritual beliefs practiced from ca. 4500-1900 BCE in Mesopotamia, or modern-day southern Iraq. Many deities were diffused into other Mesopotamian cultures.
arrow_forward More info Gilgameš
Main deity
Gilgameš (Sumerian: 𒄑𒉈𒂵𒈩) was the mythical king of a city named Uruk and was well-known for his epic journey to find immortality.
arrow_forward More info Translation
ETCSL 1.8.1.4 (Version A): Gilgameš, Enkidu and the Nether World
Website · Jeremy Allen Black · 1997
"Gilgameš, Enkidu and the Nether World" (ETCSL 1.8.1.4; Version A) provides a complete English translation of a Sumerian afterlife myth. The main actors are Gilgameš and his servant Enkidu. Version A is contained in one long segment consisting of 303 lines. In this Sumerian version, it is not explicitly stated that Enkidu dies or is a ghost when he returns from the netherworld.
Included: Translation, Collation (partial)
Language: Sumerian ⟶ English
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See full texts of this myth via related artifacts. Where available, a translation is included.
All texts
Text: "ETCSL 1.8.1.4 (Version A): Gilgameš, Enkidu and the Nether World"